Photography, writing with light

Photography, writing with light

History
In the 19th century was first experimented with making a picture. It was also a very difficult and time consuming job. Around 1800 there were two practical principles of using essential for making a picture. The first principle was the effect of the 'camera obscura'. That is Italian for "dark room". The camera obscura was one, as the name suggests, dark room where a small hole through which light shone Sat. The image was inverted by the hole seemed projected on the back of the room, where the light ray radiation. If the hole was made the image disappeared, and precisely where the problem was that the picture had to be held. The second useful principle was fortunately known: some materials discolor by the sun.

In 1822, the first picture in the world by the Frenchman Joseph Niepce made. This job took him eight hours. The problem was him in the highlight. Partly this was the image that even after eight hours have blurred and dark. It was obviously very important that the camera that photographed and what was not allowed to move. But this time the photographer had no camera with all buttons and clever tricks for the best picture possible. The device that the photographer used that time consisted of a heavy wooden cabinet with glass in it. With such a photo album could be made. When the plates were on had to be placed in a new.

The Frenchman Louis Daguerre knew about ten years after the invention of Niepce a better picture. The picture was sharper and it took only half hour to develop him. Daguerre worked with copper plates that had a size of approximately 16 by 21 inches. But as Louis Daguerre Joseph Niepce had also many things to get a good picture and develop. In 1836, not long after the invention of Niepce, the Englishman William Fox Talbot took the paper-negative. The advantage was that multiple prints per image could be made. In 1888 the first roll of film camera invented by American George Eastman. His camera called the Kodak, a mark that still exists. After this invention, the cameras finally past the loose boards, and took a picture and develop increasingly shorter.

Types of cameras
There are different types of cameras, each with different functions. Here are the famous:

Rangefinder camera
These types of cameras are very small and compact. They do not have interchangeable lenses and cameras are especially suited for making vacation and family photos. There is however a downside to rangefinder cameras: the viewfinder and the lens does not give exactly the same picture. The viewfinder (the glass underneath which looks) and the lens are placed outside each other. The picture is made may therefore be different to see, and especially photographs near the subject photographed. For a good picture is so important to what it should be photographed in the middle of the image, so that everything would come to stand.

SLR
The SLR has a small mirror behind the lens surface, hence the name. This camera lenses can be changed so that many professional photos can be made.

Digital Camera
This is a new type of camera since the early 90s there. Compared to the other two species, the digital camera has many advantages. First there is a window in which the pictures can be viewed. Photos that 'mistake', for instance, the blur can be erased immediately. Secondly, the camera does not roll but a memory disc where the photos end up. First, the images recorded by a small piece of electronics that the CCD (Charged Device Coppeld) is called. The CCD consists of millions of cells that the image itself and then as an electronic pass code to the memory disc. These codes consist of all zeros and ones, as the data on the hard disk of a computer. The big advantage of a digital camera is that pictures on the computer can be put. From the computer, the images are sent via e-mail or they can be put on the Internet. But there is more: the photos can be updated on the computer. Or bumps can be colored backgrounds and / or otherwise modified so that the picture can meet your needs. Press Photographers also experience many benefits from the digital camera. From example, Australia could easily picture to a computer via the Netherlands for example are sent. It does because no dark room to pass out and the picture can be printed directly on paper.

Not all digital cameras are equally good. It depends mainly on the amount of pixels a camera has. The pixels are small dots which one because the image is built. Good cameras have a higher number of pixels less than good cameras. Cameras that are cheap usually around 1 million pixels. The more expensive types usually have about 3 million pixels. The quantity can be expressed in pixels resolution. The resolution is the extent to which the objects (eg pictures) are still distinct from each other. The higher the resolution, the larger the image can be made.

Digital photos can be stored in two ways: as a JPEG or TIFF file. The jpeg file causes the picture with very little memory space can be stored without the quality and size of the photo being interfered. This is called image compression. Images that are stored in this way can therefore quickly by e-mail. In a tiff file take pictures much memory space, but the quality is excellent and all details are clearly visible. The photographs in this way are stored uncompressed or compressed the opposite. The latter is the case with a jpeg file.

Types of lenses
There are not only different types of cameras, but also various types of lenses. They are divided into four types:

Standard Lens
This lens is all visible, as it normally is also observed. The picture here is not distorted.

Angle
This lens is the opposite of the standard lens. The image is made smaller and distorted. One advantage is that more fit on one picture.

Telephoto
The telephoto increases the subject from a distance. This lens is very suitable for sports or nature photography. A disadvantage is that the background can be a bit blurred. In addition to this it is difficult to photograph because the smallest vibration will move the image, because something very close to being achieved.

Zoom lens
This is a combination of the standard lens, wide angle and telephoto. This lens itself can be determined what needs to be established.